Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. (NYSE:SPCE) Q3 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. (NYSE:SPCE) Q3 2023 Earnings Call Transcript November 8, 2023

Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. beats earnings expectations. Reported EPS is $-0.28, expectations were $-0.42.

Operator: Good afternoon. My name is Sarah, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to Virgin Galactic’s Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers’ remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] I would now turn the call over to Eric Cerny, Vice President of Investor Relations.

Eric Cerny: Thank you. Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to Virgin Galactic’s third quarter 2023 earnings conference call. On the call with me today are Michael Colglazier, Chief Executive Officer; and Doug Ahrens, Chief Financial Officer. Following prepared remarks from Michael and Doug, we will open the call for questions. Our press release and slide presentation that will accompany today’s remarks are available on our Investor Relations website. Please see slide two of the presentation for our Safe Harbor disclaimer. During today’s call, we may make certain forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations and assumptions and as a result are subject to risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause actual events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements made on this call.

For more information about these risks and uncertainties, please refer to the Risk Factors in the Company’s filings with the SEC filed by Virgin Galactic from time to time. You are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements and the Company specifically disclaims any obligation to update the forward-looking statements that may be discussed during this call, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Please also note that we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial information on today’s call. Please refer to our earnings release for a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial metrics. With that, I would like to now turn the call over to Michael. Go ahead.

Michael Colglazier: Good afternoon, everyone. Virgin Galactic successfully achieved several important milestones in the third quarter, which, in combination with some important adjustments we are making in our near-term operating model has set the company on course to define and lead the suborbital space travel industry. We’re going to cover a lot of ground today, so I’ll open the call with four key headlines. First, we have demonstrated that our spaceflight system works on a repeatable basis. As planned, we completed six spaceflights in under six months with our initial spaceship VSS Unity. This is an unprecedented achievement in human space light. Second, the Virgin Galactic customer experience has been overwhelmingly positive and meaningful and the value of our experiential product is exceeding our high expectations.

The backlog of demand for experience is robust, and our early customers are Virgin Galactic astronauts. They love it. Third, we expect the advances being built into our Delta class ships will enable each of these new ships to fly up to eight times x per month during steady-state operations. This turn time metric is unrivaled in the industry and will enable breakthrough capacity and revenue generation. And fourth, we forecast our quarter end cash and marketable securities position of approximately $1.1 billion, provides sufficient capital to bring our first two delta ships into service and to enable our crossover to positive cash flow in 2026. We look forward to sharing details behind these headlines on today’s call. Turning to our agenda on slide three.

I’ll start with an overview of the Virgin Galactic astronaut experience and share customer insights from our first six flights. We’ll review progress from our Delta spaceship program and talk more specifically about the expected unit economics of our Delta class ships. We’ll then discuss adjustments to our near-term operating model, including restructuring actions announced yesterday that will redirect resources towards our Delta program as we focus the entire company on realizing the profit potential from these ships. Finally, we’ll share financial results for the quarter and discuss the expected spending profile of our Delta program in greater detail. Following our prepared remarks, we will open the call for your questions. Turning to slide 4.

Since our last earnings call, we completed four space missions on the monthly cadence that we had planned. Each mission was an incredible success, and we are now graduating customers from our future astronaut community into the Virgin Galactic Astronaut Community. Our Virgin Galactic astronauts experience their space flight in ways that are unique to their background and motivation for traveling to space. One point of commonality, though, has been that the overall experience is dramatically impacting our customers in an extremely positive way. Moving to slide 5. The quotes on this page are from some of our astronauts following their space flights, and they capture just a sliver of the meaning that our customers have come away with. I’ll read just three of them on today’s call.

The first is a quote from a Galactic 02 astronaut. This has been the best day of my life, the most sensational day of my life, and you can’t get any better than that. It exceeded my wild dreams. The second is from a Galactic 04 astronaut, he said, I always knew it was going to be most extraordinary experience of my life. I always knew that. And people kind of told me it was going to be. But then when it is, and it’s on another level to the experience you thought you were going to have, then it’s very difficult to explain. And from our youngest astronaut, who shared, I was shocked at the things that you feel. You are so much more connected to everything than you would expect to be. You felt like a part of the team, a part of the ship, a part of the universe, a part of Earth.

It was incredible and I’m still starstruck. Vastly exceeding the expectations of our customers is the best way to convert those customers into ambassadors for our company. Based on initial feedback, we are delivering a truly incomparable experience that our astronauts will carry with them for their lifetimes. We will continue to learn and adjust the overall customer journey, but the early results have been exceeding our very high expectations. Moving to slide 6. Our focus on the astronaut journey and the very way in which we bring people to space is paying off in the overall experience. Our training takes place at Spaceport America, and incomparable facility built by the state of New Mexico and the stunning setting has been a hit with astronauts and their guests alike.

The 90-minute space flight experience, including the climb to release attitude while attached to our mothership is proving to be an experiential advantage. The smoothness of it all, combined with the raw power of the rocket motor during the boost phase has been a standout feature for our astronauts. The view of the earth and its natural habitat as space has literally taken breath away and drawn tiers and deep emotions, because of its stunning beauty and brilliance and the fact that we land back on the same runway where we took off, with all the friends and family awaiting has made for a completely magical return experience. Our training program is a huge differentiation point. We took the opportunity on our early flights to have our astronaut instructors observe the customer experience from within the cabin to guide adjustments to our ground-based training process.

This process was valuable and has been successfully completed. Starting with Galactic 06, we will open up this instructor seat, and all four Unity seats will have paying customers. Six human space flight in six months with VSS Unity is a tremendous accomplishment that establishes new turn time records for reusable human spaceflight systems. It’s important to note that the primary business objectives of Unity’s missions are to demonstrate the efficacy of our spaceflight system, to build learnings that inform our Delta program and to showcase the incredible emotion, impact and value of Virgin Galactic spaceflight experience. We have done that. These flights have built confidence in our spaceflight system, increased credibility as we consistently deliver on plan and clearly demonstrated the powerful customer benefits of the Virgin Galactic spaceflight.

The success of these flights has been accomplished through the collaborative effort of our entire company, and I’d like to call out the incredible work from our teammates who have made this possible. Moving to slide 7. Virgin Galactic spaceship and mothership, both have industry-leading reusability metrics, but our airplane based mothership has the additional benefit of fast turnaround times. Our primary goal with the Delta program is to also bring that fast turn time capability to our spaceships to unlock a step function increase in capacity. In this regard, the next page, slide 8, makes it clear why we are so focused on our delta ships. Two metrics that will be of importance to our industry are revenue per flight or RPF and flights per month or FPM, which is referenced on a per ship basis.

Taking a look at the table on slide 8. Our four-seat spaceship 2 model, Unity, has a revenue per flight potential of $1.8 million to $2.4 million at our current prices, depending upon if it is flying private astronauts, research customers or a mix. Unity has an average flight per month of around one and the product of those two metrics leads to modest revenues. As I mentioned earlier, Unity’s flight objectives are to demonstrate our system, showcase our Astronauts experience and provide learnings for our Delta program. A one flight per month with Unity is a material step above competitive offerings. The total cost to support Unity’s flights surpassed the relatively modest monthly revenues. Delta ships will have 50% more seats than Unity. So, using our most recent pricing of $450,000 per seat or $600,000 for research seats, the revenue per flight for a Delta ship is $2.7 million to $3.6 million.

With our current expectation of Delta ships turning twice per week in steady-state operations, Delta ships would have a flight per month metric of eight, which makes the monthly revenue potential of a delta shift up to 12 times that of Unity. As a high-temperature carbon composite spaceflight, we expect each Delta ship to have a vehicle life cycle of 500 or more flights. And as we shared previously, we expect each new Delta ship to cost around $50 million to $60 million in steady-state production. Our Delta class ships are powerful economic engines. Because of their breakthrough capacity and revenue generation, we are choosing to leapfrog past our third generation ship, VSS Imagine, and move directly to our fourth generation, the Delta Class, as the model type basis for our production fleet.

VSS Imagine will be used to support ground-based elements of the Delta program, and we will not bring that ship into service. Our Delta program continues to track to the key milestones we’ve laid out. Tooling builds have already started, and our spaceship factory in Phoenix is well underway and will come online in Q2 of 2024. Ground and flight-based testing of our Delta Class ships is on track to begin in 2025 with revenue service beginning in 2026. The top image on slide 9 shows progress that is being made on our spaceship factory in Phoenix. Construction has been advancing on schedule and we expect to begin interior fit-out in April with major assemblies from our primary suppliers, Bell & Carbon, beginning to arrive midway through 2024. We are making several upfront investments in test infrastructure, and we’ll be conducting extensive ground testing of our Delta ships.

This is a key factor in accelerating our flight test program and in our ability to verify the durability and longevity of our ships. Build-out and installation of this test infrastructure has begun and build-out will continue into the first half of 2024. We will incur one-time expenses for these important test assets during those periods. The first test asset is known as a Copper Bird systems mockup. The Copper Bird will allow us to configure and test our avionics, flight controls, and electrical systems. As you can see in the image on the lower left of Slide 9, this effort is already underway at our engineering headquarters in Orange County, California, along with the design and testing of our updated cabin interior, including our new seat design shown here on the lower right.

The second test system, also located in Southern California, is known as an Iron Bird, and it will be verifying and cycle testing our mechanical systems and validating our designs. Each of these test systems, as well as a dedicated static test article, will enable us to verify the performance of the key elements of our Delta ships that are driving our improved turn times and will reduce the amount of time needed for final assembly, ground test, and flight test. Moving to Slide 10. We expect near-term uncertainty in capital markets to continue as high interest rates persist and geopolitical unrest expands. In response to this environment, Virgin Galactic has taken several important actions to ensure our existing cash runway is sufficient to reach positive cash flow.

As a growth company that is also defining a new industry, Virgin Galactic has been pursuing two parallel work streams. Our space line operations teams have been demonstrating our technology and customer experience with our Unity spaceship. While our programs and engineering teams have been developing a production platform that will deliver profitable growth with our Delta program. Both of these areas consume substantial resources and both have been critical to our company. That said, our company’s financial growth is built around our production spaceships, the Delta Class and we are shifting all company resources towards the safe, efficient, and successful execution of this program. This necessitates four changes to our near-term operating model.

First, we will reduce net spending within our space line operations by decreasing the cadence, while increasing the revenue per flight of Unity’s remaining missions. GALACTIC 6 is expected to take place in January as planned, and we will move to a quarterly flight cadence versus a monthly flight cadence for Unity’s remaining space missions. We expect the average revenue per flight for GALACTIC 6 and GALACTIC 7 to be in the range of $2 million to $2.5 million, which is approximately four times greater than the revenue per flight that Unity realized in the third quarter. This increase is driven in part by the additional revenue seat that had previously been occupied by an astronaut instructor and in part due to a customer mix that includes research revenue.

Additionally, when we have openings in the fight manifest, we are making those seats available to customers who are interested in participating in an earlier space flight at a premium price. These seats as they become available, have been priced closer to $1 million than to our prior price point of $450,000. Second, we will be pausing Unity spaceflights in mid-2024. So our highly skilled spaceline operations teams in New Mexico can support the final assembly effort of our first Delta Ships. This is cost efficient, as it allows us to optimize our total workforce. It also provides our technical operations teams, hands-on experience with the Delta Ships during the build process, which will be invaluable for maintenance and term-time support when those ships move to Spaceport America for flight test and revenue service.

Flights from Spaceport America are expected to start again, in mid-2025 with Delta Fly test. Third, and as shared on our last call, we have re-sequenced the timing of our next Mothership to coincide with the ramp-up of our Spaceship fleet. This allows us to better manage the timing of our capital expenditures and it allows our engineering teams to complete the bulk of the Delta work before pivoting to the next Mothership effort. We expect the first of our next two Motherships to enter service in 2027, which will support the timing of additional Spaceships coming off the line in Phoenix. Our existing Mothership Eve is performing well following its enhancement program. And Eve will carry our first two Delta Ships during their flight test program and into revenue service in 2026, where it will support meaningful revenue and cash flow positivity.

And fourth, as we focus the entire company towards a successful execution of the Delta program, Mike Moses, with his deep expertise from both NASA and Virgin Galactic will take on the expanded role of President of Virgin Galactic Spaceline. We will be aligning the entirety of our technical engineering and non-customer-facing operations teams under Mike, with a full company focus on bringing our production fleet into service, crossing over to cash flow positive operations and readying our company to scale and continue to lead this exciting industry. With these adjustments to our plans, we project our end of quarter cash and marketable securities position, nearly $1.1 billion to be sufficient to support the development and entry into service of our first two Delta Ships and to achieve cash flow positivity in 2026.

These adjustments to our near-term operating model have impacts on our Flight Manifest and on our staffing levels. Regarding Manifest impacts, with Unity’s fewer seats and low flight cadence, these changes will have minimal impact on total astronauts carried. However, a subset of customers who are early in the Manifest will have a longer time extension before their flights. Internally at Virgin Galactic, achieving this plan has required us to make the difficult decision to reduce the size of our teams that support our Spaceline operations and our staff areas. Our teammates at Virgin Galactic are talented, purpose-driven and they excel in their professions. And it is deeply unfortunate to part ways with some of our coworkers and our friends.

With the restructuring announced yesterday, along with headcount management efforts that have been taking place across the year, we expect to enter 2024 with approximately 840 full-time employees. By taking these actions now, we ensure Virgin Galactic continues to have access to the resources needed to reach positive cash flow and to deliver on our mission, bringing the wonder space to our existing customer base and to the generations of customers who will follow. Doug, let’s turn the call over to you.

Doug Ahrens: Thanks, Michael. Good afternoon, everyone. Turning to Page 11 and our financial results. In his opening remarks, Michael provided some important information about the company’s operations and the related economics. As a follow-up, I’d like to share some additional context relating to both our near-term and long-term financial outlook. First, I’ll explain the new expense category called Spaceline operations and what trends to expect going forward. Second, I’ll review the financial results for the third quarter and provide guidance for the fourth quarter. Third, I will describe the shift has begun toward the building of capital assets, our longer-term projections for overall spending and the expected path to positive free cash flow.

And fourth, I’ll expand on the attractive future economics we foresee with the expansion of our Delta class fleet. Let’s start by taking a closer look at the new expense category, Spaceline Operations and how that plays into our third quarter results. In our last earnings call in August, we previewed the introduction of Spaceline Operations, which followed the launch of commercial service and achievement of technological feasibility for our current Spaceflight system. In order to understand and interpret what Spaceline Operations represents, it is important to recognize that Virgin Galactic is somewhat unique as a company that both produces and operates space vehicles. We first built fixed assets, such as spaceships and motherships, then we utilize those assets to provide Spaceflight services.

While we are able to capitalize certain costs for production of vehicles, some production costs cannot be capitalized and must be recognized as an expense. These non-capitalizable production costs reflected in Spaceline Operations, along with the current cost of conducting Spaceflights. Note that the presentation of Spaceline Operations does not indicate an increase in spending, but rather a remapping of expenses that were previously in R&D or SG&A. I’ll share more about our expectations for the Spaceline Operations expense category following a discussion of our results for the third quarter. Turning to Slide 12. We generated revenue of $1.7 million, driven by commercial Spaceflights during the quarter and future AsMA membership fees. Total operating expenses were $116 million compared to $146 million in the prior year period.

Spaceline Operations expenses were $26 million compared to approximately $1 million in the prior year period, with the increase attributable to the updated presentation of expenses. R&D expenses were $45 million compared to $97 million in the prior year period, with the $52 million decrease, primarily due to remapping of some expenses to Spaceline Operations and lower outside vendor costs. SG&A expenses were $42 million compared to $46 million in the prior year period, with the $4 million decrease primarily due to remapping of some expenses to Spaceline Operations. We reported a GAAP net loss of $105 million compared to $146 million in the prior year period, primarily driven by lower operating expenses and a $9 million increase in interest income from returns on our portfolio of marketable securities.

Adjusted EBITDA was negative $87 million in the third quarter compared to negative $129 million in the prior year period, primarily driven by lower operating expenses. Free cash flow was negative $105 million compared to negative $102 million in the prior year period. Free cash flow came in better than our guidance of negative $120 million to $130 million due to the timing of certain vendor payments. Moving to Slide 13. At the end of the third quarter, cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities on the balance sheet totaled approximately $1.1 billion, a sequential increase of $108 million from the second quarter of fiscal 2023. During the quarter, we raised $211 million in gross proceeds as part of our at-the-market equity offering program.

Moving to Slide 14, and our financial outlook. For the fourth quarter, we expect revenue to be approximately $3 million, primarily driven by two commercial Spaceflights, Galactic 4, which occurred in October and Galactic 05, which occurred last week. Our capital expenditures for the fourth quarter are projected to be between $25 million and $30 million. We expect to approximately double our capital expenditures over the third quarter, primarily due to the construction of the spaceship assembly facility in Phoenix and building of tooling for the Delta Class Spaceships. We expect our forecasted free cash flow for the fourth quarter of 2023 to be in the range of negative $125 million to $135 million to account for both the timing of vendor payments that favorably impacted our third quarter as well as the increase in capital expenditures just mentioned.

In connection with the restructuring effort that Michael mentioned and which is already underway, we estimate a onetime restructuring charge of approximately $5 million and an annual cost reduction of approximately $25 million relative to our current cost base. This cost reduction will be realized beginning in the first quarter of 2024. Now I’d like to provide some context around our longer-term financial outlook. Let’s move to Slide 15. For clarity, it’s helpful to first consider our business model. Our economic life cycle began with a multiyear research and development phase to create and prove out our initial Spaceflight system. We have successfully demonstrated that by conducting regular commercial Spaceflights on a monthly cadence with our Unity Space and Motherships.

We are in the upfront investment phase of our production vehicles, the Delta Class Spaceships, which are expected to deliver 12 times the monthly revenue capacity of the initial Spaceflight system. A period of nonrecurring engineering, or NRE, is followed by a period of upfront capital investment to build the fixed assets, such as a factory and tooling that are then available to produce multiple vehicles, namely space ships on a continuing basis and at a relatively low recurring cost per vehicle. Each of these vehicles are additional assets and are expected to have significant ongoing profit generating potential based on the performance criteria we have specified. Through 2023, our spending has predominantly gone toward operating expense, mostly tied to nonrecurring engineering costs for the development of our Spaceflight system.

As we achieve certain milestones in the development of the Delta Class vehicles in 2024, these engineering costs begin to be capitalized. In addition, we are investing in fixed assets, such as the Spaceship assembly factory, tooling, sub-assemblies, test assets and space port facilities that will drive future growth. This chart shows how our spending is expected to shift primarily to CapEx in 2024. While this chart is for illustrative purposes, we are not giving specific cash flow guidance for multiple years. You can generally see that the two-year average spending for 2024 and 2025 will be below that of 2023. Spending is expected to be weighted more to the front end because of our planned CapEx investments and fixed assets that enable future revenue growth.

Earlier, we discussed the actions we are taking to reduce our cost structure. Because of the reduced flight cadence, our space line operations expense is forecasted to decrease in 2024 compared to our current spending level. Other reductions in headcount and streamlining of operating expenses contribute meaningfully to our lower spending footprint going forward. Given the strength of our balance sheet with approximately $1.1 billion in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities available, combined with our actions to reduce spending, we have paved the way to positive free cash flow in 2026 with our existing capital. I’d now like to provide more insights about our expected future economics upon the completion of the Delta Class Spaceships.

While cash flow breakeven is one milestone along our journey, we clearly intend to capitalize on our unique high-margin product offering to drive top line growth and strong shareholder returns. By 2026, we expect to be entering the cash positive growth phase, as shown on the chart on Page 15. We mentioned on a previous call that we project the contribution margin from our spaceflight to exceed 75%. Given this margin profile, we expect that we will cross over to positive free cash flow in 2026 when we have two delta ships in service. At this point, cash inflows from spaceflights are projected to exceed our overall cost base. Importantly, by 2026, we anticipate we will have completed the upfront investments in manufacturing capacity to produce incremental delta class spaceships at a cost of $50 million to $60 million each.

Given the expected flight rate and revenue capacity of these ships, we expect a payback period of less than six months for each new vehicle that we add to our fleet. Additional motherships will also be required to accommodate the expanded fleet of patients. Given these compelling economics, we are singularly focused on the delivery of Delta Class Spaceships. As mentioned earlier, our $1.1 billion balance of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities is expected to be sufficient to achieve positive free cash flow, while not required in the near term, we intend to utilize the approximately $113 million left on the current at-the-market equity offering, which would support further investment in revenue-generating assets, like additional motherships, additional Delta Class ships or to further strengthen our balance sheet.

To summarize, with a focus on cost management, we are mitigating the risk associated with accessing capital markets in order to meet our longer-term objectives. We project we have sufficient capital to build the revenue-generating assets necessary to achieve positive free cash flow. With that, I’ll hand the call back to Michael for some closing comments.

Michael Colglazier : Thanks, Doug. To recap the key items from today’s call, our spaceflight system works on a repeatable basis, and the Astron experience is exceeding our very high expectations. With each new Delta Ship delivering steady-state revenue capacity of up to 12 times greater than VSS Unity, we expect to cross into cash flow positivity in 2026 as we bring our first two Delta Ships into service. Our end of quarter cash and marketable securities balance of approximately $1.1 billion is expected to be sufficient to bring these first two Delta Ships into service as we tightly manage and prioritize our resources against the Delta program, while reducing expenditures associated with flying VSS Unity. All of these factors support our business model, which is highly profitable and cash generative at steady state.

While the upfront capital costs are meaningful, ongoing CapEx needs for each baseboard are relatively modest given the long lives and high capacity of our ships. Variable costs are relatively low in relation to our ticket prices and incremental spending to expand our fleet is expected to bring high operating leverage to high double-digit contribution margins and excellent return on investment. I’d like to thank our Virgin Galactic customers, shareholders and fans for their support as we work to ensure our company’s future for the long-term. And I’d like to sincerely thank our teammates for the incredible work they have been delivering, while also recognizing the loss that will be felt across the company as we part ways with some of our friends and coworkers.

We are now stepping forward and placing all focus on safely, efficiently and successfully executing the Delta program. With that, we’ll turn to questions. Operator, we are ready to begin the Q&A portion of the call.

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Q&A Session

Operator: Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Matt Akers with Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Eric Yan: Hi. This is Eric Yan on from Matt. Thanks for the question. Could you discuss more details around the Delta works you’ve done this year so far? And if there are any updates to the plans or milestones you laid out for the next couple of years?

Michael Colglazier: Sure. I think, as we shared in the prepared remarks, We’ve been executing Delta on our plan, on our schedule. This year is primarily about adapting the designs from all the learnings that we’ve done in building out our first initial space flight system. In particular, transitioning those designs to a different carbon composite system is a big part of that that has a lot of benefits into the process. That design process and taking advantage of the things that we’ve learned from flying Unity on a monthly basis have let us build in and confirm the much improved turn times that we’re going to see from the delta shifts along the way. We’ve also begun working through our test asset systems. We clearly are designing for this turn rate.

We’re also building the test assets to verify them. You heard us referencing a copper bird and an iron bird. Those systems have started up. We’ve been working closely with our partners, our key partners that will be building these ships with us, in particular Bell from Bell Textron and Carbon. They’re tightly interwoven with our efforts and using the same kind of software platform along the way. And the tooling that those companies are building that will then do the parts has already begun. Initial parts are coming off those tools. But the majority of parts and then fabrication will happen in 2024. In line as we bring our spaceship factory in Phoenix down, If you see the image of the spaceship factory, I think page nine in the attachment, the core and shell, that’s all done.

We’re going to be starting to do the interior build out of the factory in the first quarter of next year, actually probably into this year. And then we plan to occupy that somewhere around April so that we can then put in our own systems to begin the final assembly of the ships. So that’s all tracking as previously shared. And that puts us on paths to our flight testing in 2025 and putting these into revenue service in 2026.

Eric Yan: Okay. Got it. Thanks. That’s very helpful. Also wanted to ask if you have a more specific timing on the Delta launch now? Is it more like the first half or later in the year?

Michael Colglazier: Nothing more specific for today, but I will say you’re going to see them flying in 2025 as we do our flight testing. Flight tests will include, they’ll start with what we call captive carry flights, then they’ll move to what we call glide flight where we’re releasing without the power of rockets. And then we’ll start to power the flights up towards space. So you’ll be seeing all that happening in 2025.

Eric Yan: Okay. Thanks so much.

Michael Colglazier: Thank you.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Greg Konrad with Jefferies. Your line is open.

Greg Konrad: Good evening.

Michael Colglazier: Hi, Greg.

Greg Konrad: Just to start with one clarification question. I mean, you talked about pausing Unity flights in mid-2024, and I think you mentioned Galactic 06 and 07. Is 07 going to be the last Unity flight, and is there any commercial flight activity between mid 2024 and the introduction of Delta into service in 2026?

Michael Colglazier: Yes. Let me just kind of more color on what we’re doing. Obviously, we’ve had incredible success flying Unity. And as we are sharing the business reasons for flying Unity are to demonstrate what this industry is about, both the safety, how the ships work, the fact that we can repeat them and importantly, getting a chance to showcase the customer experience. Unlike, whether you’re a new electric vehicle start-up or something similar, people are familiar with the business model and human space flight is something that private citizens have really never had the chance to do. So Unity is demonstrating all that, but it is very resource consumptive as we do it. So the big move we’re making here is pivoting the resources that are — have been being put into the Unity flights and redirecting them over to get the delta ships done with the cash we have on hand and take that kind of market risk off the table.

So as we’re doing that, we will continue to fly out. We’re moving to quarterly because it allows us to reduce cost as we do that. And we know we’ll go on January is when we’re doing Galactic 6. We’ll do Galactic 7 probably in the earlier side of the second quarter. And then whether we do Galactic 8 with Unity before we move our team or not is really around the specific timing of when our very skilled teams that are in New Mexico, both technical operations and engineers. We want them to be a part of the build process of our delta ships. It’s better from a spending standpoint. So we aren’t ramping up as many incremental folks along the way. And really the importance is it allows our teams that will maintain these ships to have the hands-on experience of building them, and that will help us more quickly ramp up to rate as we bring them into service.

So whether that starts, I’d say, at the tail end or the beginning of the third quarter or the — until end of the second quarter, beginning of the third quarter or a little later, will depend upon whether we fly Galactic 8 with Unity or not. So we’re not going to make that call today. We’re going to let the Delta program and need for those team members to drive that. And then we will take a pause with Unity, whether it’s after 7 or after 8 as we put our attention on building these delta ships because that’s where we will drive the economic value of the company.

Greg Konrad: That makes sense. And then the eight times per month on Delta, I think previously, maybe you talked about weekly flights if I remember correctly. What’s kind of changed there or got you comfortable with that higher expected flight cadence?

Michael Colglazier: Yes. Our — previously, we’ve been talking weekly. My direction internally to our engineers really will be weekly, we should be able to turn these on a twice a week basis. But the team had work to do on that. And so the first piece that’s informed that is just the progression of our designs. And specifically designs that are enabling us to do less between each flight. Now, the Unity flights have been really important in that as we’ve gone through the six and six months and built that operating cadence, it’s very dialed in. Our technical operations teams are pros and they know exactly what they’re going to be doing between those flights. And while that work happens to turn Unity, that also shows our engineers and design teams exactly the things that we would like to engineer out of the Delta systems, so that we don’t have to put that work in between flights, because we built the ships in a way that doesn’t require.