Ben Kallo: Hey, Jagdeep. Hey, guys. Could you guys just — because a lot of things I think changed a little bit. But could you just update us on the capacity when we expect that and how that translates to the number of cars and how we should think about that, just timing capacity?
Kevin Hettrich: Then on the capacity question is regarding output. Maybe if I could start there. The intention of QS-0 is to do two things. One is, first, commercialization of our technology and that would be through the QSE-5 as we’ve discussed about in this letter. And we’re excited to talk about that prospective first launch customer. We haven’t given an exact size to that, but you should think of that as a small program. Is that does that help answer your question?
Ben Kallo: I guess, you know, before it was like we had QS-0 and like pre-production and then production and you guys gave a timetable. Then something shifted around and I was just wondering what the timeline is now.
Jagdeep Singh: Yeah. So we haven’t I don’t think we ever provided a gigawatt hour number or a kilowatt hour number for QS-0. I think as Kevin points out, here’s what we said about QS-0. We believe we’ll be making, you know, B-samples off the QS-0 line. There are multiple iterations of the QS-0 line where we’re going to be adding more higher levels of automation to get higher and higher capacity over time. So I would expect that line to be to start out as a lower volume line and become a higher volume line. We mentioned that there — the first — our target remains to have the first B-samples, initial samples come out next year in ’24. Those will be on a lower volume version of that line. Subsequent higher volume versus the B-sample.
We’ve said in the past will come out towards the end of 2025. So if there’s a there’s a built-in scale of the line itself, that’s contemplated. But the important point for QS-0 is the one that Kevin made, which is that it is the factory, the production facility that we plan to use to define the blueprint for how to make ourselves in an industrialized fashion. And then once we have that, we can go from there as far as bigger factories or joint ventures with other folks or even licensing our technology out, but all roads lead to QS-0. So it’s a really important factory for us.
Kevin Hettrich: And just at the point, the third time, that is the same guidance as was given last quarter. Low-volume B-samples in ’24, high-volume B-samples at the end of ’25. In fact, we’ve made progress against that execution road map, installing the Raptor system on time, including the equipment and the site acceptance test. So if anything, we have less work to do over the remaining part of the year and we were actually pretty pleased with the results that we shared in this letter.
Ben Kallo: And when I think about that frontier curve and it’s a good chart. There’s a lot going on there. How do I think about going to 2025 and how all those little dots, whether it’s 4680 or whatever kind of sell moving in all direction. At the same time that you’re kind of going through that direction for commercialization. And all I’m asking is, how do you think about like commercializing versus the incremental changes that are happening in the market right now with scale?
Jagdeep Singh: Yes, it’s a great question. So, yes, this is a really cool chart, frankly, because it really shows two of the most important metrics that batteries are measured on. If you look at the actual data points we have there on current batteries, you can see that, in fact, the 4680 is a little bit lower than the other cells on that chart, the 2170 and the reason for that might be that they’re optimizing for cost or some other metrics other than energy density and power density. But this data comes from a third-party database has what we’re talking about is pushing the frontier out. Now as I mentioned in answer to John’s question, one of the things that conventional lithium-ion is hoping to do is introduce silicon dominant anodes into those cells over time.
