JFrog Ltd. (NASDAQ:FROG) Q4 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

JFrog Ltd. (NASDAQ:FROG) Q4 2023 Earnings Call Transcript February 15, 2024

JFrog Ltd. isn’t one of the 30 most popular stocks among hedge funds at the end of the third quarter (see the details here).

Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for joining us, and welcome to JFrog’s Fourth Quarter and Fiscal 2023 Financial Results Conference Call. I’ll hand the conference over today to Jeffrey Schreiner, VP, Investor Relations. Jeffrey, please go ahead.

Jeffrey Schreiner: Good afternoon, and thank you for joining us as we review JFrog’s fourth quarter and full year fiscal 2023 financial results, which were announced following the market close today via a press release. Leading the call today will be JFrog’s CEO and Co-Founder, Shlomi Ben Haim; and Ed Grabscheid, JFrog’s CFO. During this call, we may make statements related to our business that are forward-looking under federal securities laws and are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements related to our future financial performance, including our outlook for Q1 and the full year of 2024. The words anticipate, believe, continue, estimate, expect, intend, will, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements or similar indications of future expectations.

You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which reflect our views only as of today and not as of any subsequent date. Please keep in mind that we are not obligating ourselves to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements in light of new information or future events. These statements are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. For a discussion of material risks and other important factors that could affect our actual results, please refer to our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31st, 2022, and our most recent report on Form 10-Q, which is available on the Investor Relations section of our website and the earnings press release issued earlier today.

Additional information will be made available in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31st, 2023, to be filed with the SEC on February 15th, 2024, and other filings and reports that we may file from time to time with the SEC. Additionally, non-GAAP financial measures will be discussed on this conference call. These non-GAAP financial measures which are used as a measure of JFrog’s performance, should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, or in isolation from GAAP measures. Please refer to the tables in our earnings release for a reconciliation of those measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. A replay of this call will be available on the JFrog’s Investor Relations website for a limited time.

With that, I’d like to turn the call over to JFrog’s CEO, Shlomi Ben Haim. Shlomi?

Shlomi Ben Haim: Thank you, Jeff. Good afternoon to you all and thank you for joining the call. I’m proud to report that JFrog closed fiscal year 2023 on a strong note, with quarterly and annual results that exceeded our guidance. Despite macroeconomic and geopolitical headwinds, JFrog delivered on our commitments to the market, driving consistent revenue growth and profitability. Our commitment to meeting extending market demand through a unified platform that integrates DevOps, Security, and MLOps across the entire software supply chain, extending to the edge device, once again, both for this quarter and throughout the entire year. This is evident in the significant adoption of our platform by the enterprise, which will also be discussed in today’s call.

In fiscal year 2023, JFrog delivered total revenue of $349.9 million, up 25% year-over-year. JFrog’s fourth quarter revenue was $97.3 million, reflecting 27% year-over-year growth, with a gross margin of 84.6% and $32 million in free cash flow. Our cloud revenues continued to show momentum in Q4, equaling $36 million, a growth of 59% year-over-year. This growth was primarily driven by our cloud-first and multi-cloud strategy, which powers growth in cloud platform subscription, as well as increases in consumption. In Q4, JFrog customers with ARR greater than $100,000 grew to 886 compared to 736 in the prior year, increasing 20% year-over-year. Customers with ARR greater than $1 million increased to 37, up from 19 in the year-ago period, growing 95% year-over-year, which we attribute to our strategic investment in the enterprise top-down go-to-market approach.

Now, I will address some of the market themes we are observing and standouts set by JFrog. Developers and machines on the left, as well as production owners and hackers on the right, continue to be laser-focused on the binary as the key asset being utilized throughout the software supply chain. We believe that DevOps, DevSecOps, MLOps, and MLSecOps will continue to converge into a single system of record for the enterprise. The most important asset, binaries, is at the core of every software supply chain and will need to be effectively secured and managed by every organization. As we observe in the market, a fast and trusted software supply chain flow with embedded security is the flow of binaries. This trend drove some of our customers’ top priorities in Q4, as well as emerging opportunities in our market.

On today’s call, I will discuss cloud consumption and cloud migrations. Next, I will cover the enterprise demand for modern holistic security solutions. Then, the trend of point solution tooling consolidation around the JFrog software supply chain platform, and finally discuss the emerging opportunities for AI and ML tooling. First, I will address our cloud business. Early in 2023, due to the macroeconomic changes and cost optimization efforts by our customers, some cloud initiatives were delayed. Slowly into the year, we saw an improvement in the frequency of on-prem to cloud migration projects being restarted alongside extending consumption in the second half of the year as we shared in previous calls. We saw themes of platform consolidation and modern security tool adoption, together with DevOps capabilities in the cloud becoming the [stand-out] [ph].

Late in Q3, JFrog closed a large-scale deal with AT&T to become their single source of record for secure binary management and delivery, including with our advanced security offerings. Working hand-in-hand with AT&T’s leadership teams, JFrog was chosen as a strategic partner to consolidate software supply chain tools with a single platform in the cloud. AT&T’s General Manager and Vice President of R&D, Rinat Zilberstein noted, “With tens of thousands of developers building applications across our business, we need a single system of record to allow us to shift left effectively, as well as take advantage of all the benefits cloud has to offer a modern business. We are proud to be working with JFrog as we move towards a consolidated, scalable infrastructure to build the next generation of applications to serve hundreds of millions of our customers.” Platform and cloud priorities are not unique to AT&T.

Recent public CIO surveys have validated that 2024 cloud spend for application development, DevOps, security, and machine learning are anticipated to see improving growth trends relative to the slower environment seen in 2023. JFrog is positioned to answer this exact demand not only in a hybrid, but also in a multi-cloud robust environment. Second, we see continued interest in holistic DevSecOps solution as part of our platform. JFrog is partnering with enterprises across the globe to improve software development and consolidating DevSecOps solutions, including in highly regulated or compliance-driven environments like public service. IVU Traffic Technologies, a leading provider of civil engineering IT systems in Germany, recently chose JFrog to instill trust and efficiency in their software development and application security efforts.

IVU has spent the last 45 years partnering with local governments to build IT systems that ensure efficient and environmentally friendly public transport. To ensure top-notch service and smooth transportation for city residents, IVU partnered with JFrog to meet their holistic security needs, including investments in JFrog Curation, Code Scanning, also known as SAST, and the prioritization of CVEs with contextual analysis for their developers. IVU chose JFrog Curation and JFrog Advanced Security to consolidate DevSecOps capabilities using one platform with a single source of record at its [pace] [ph]. In another example, we were excited to bring on board Israel’s leading healthcare provider, Clalit. With over 5 million subscribers and a workforce of 50,000 employees, Clalit stands as one of the largest HMOs in the world.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, Clalit, an active user of Artifactory and Xray, approached JFrog with a request to migrate from Snyk and incorporate JFrog Advanced Security into their system. This strategic move aimed to streamline their solutions and enhance capabilities, especially in DevSecOps areas like code scanning within the JFrog software supply chain platform. Clalit’s Security Project Manager, [indiscernible] said, “Integrating additional security features within a single reliable source of tools like Artifactory aligns with our strategy to centralize our operations on one software supply chain platform, leading to cost savings and improved scalability and development efficiency. The JFrog platform with Artifactory at its core, that seamlessly integrates with JFrog Advanced Security, effectively fulfill these objectives.” CIOs and CISOs are seeking to streamline the complexity caused by numerous tools and point solutions, which not only duplicate each other’s functions, but also fail to provide end-to-end visibility across the software supply chain.

Our customers tell us that those tools must integrate with their binary repository like JFrog Artifactory to safeguard and effectively trace their binaries. We believe the trend of security tool consolidation in a single platform will continue, with JFrog uniquely providing an end-to-end solution covering from a developer’s environment to production, creating a holistic DevSecOps toolset. Third, I want to address growth in the enterprise adoption of the JFrog platform. The move toward a unified universal platform for the enterprise is not only a technology or tool initiative but also a change we see in how companies are being structured to streamline digital deliveries. We see roles like CIOs and CISOs becoming one and cloud migration projects targeting multiple aspects like tooling consolidations to achieve speed and trust throughout the software flow.

One example of a visionary company is Vimeo, a leading video platform provider boasting 300 million global users. As part of their digital transformation initiatives, Vimeo recently took a step forward in their journey, moving from a self-hosted Artifactory-only subscription to an enterprise-level cloud subscription. This upgrade positions Vimeo to effectively scale their DevOps and DevSecOps initiatives across their global teams in a single platform, ensuring the secure and timely delivery of updates to cater to their vast customer base. Mark Carter, the Chief Information Security Officer of Vimeo, emphasized their commitment to providing top-notch digital experiences to their users while prioritizing the highest levels of security in their software development pipelines.

He stated “The JFrog platform’s cloud offering empowers businesses like Vimeo to rapidly expand, reduce maintenance overhead, and offload management costs. It meets the evolving needs of our growing audience. JFrog’s software supply chain platform infuses confidence by serving as a single source of record with Artifactory at the center and providing visibility across Vimeo’s DevSecOps workflow”. Our portfolio contains thousands of companies like Vimeo that started with Artifactory only. Their story gives us confidence that the adoption of an end-to-end software supply chain platform is not an option for the enterprise, but an imperative to support modern business needs. We look forward to assisting these portfolio companies as their maturing needs drive them towards cloud and higher-value subscriptions.

Now, I want to address opportunities in MLOps and MLSecOps within the JFrog platform. As we continue to observe the rapid adoption of AI and ML technologies across the market, many of the same enterprise software pains remind us of the early days of open source. As developers are running quickly in a machine learning and AI gold rush, companies are telling us that they have similar fears from 20 years ago. What’s in that Artifact? How does it comply with business policies? How do we track which model is being used? How do we know who brought the model into the organization? And more. We believe the MLOps market is in the very early days and as it matures, JFrog is well-positioned to deliver unique value that addresses these familiar pains, focusing on the main ML asset, yet another binary.

Caching, versioning, hosting, storing, training, securing, and more are all performed on ML models. Companies that blindly adopt AI technology without this binary discipline will be challenged to keep up with innovation while possibly exposing themselves to a higher risk and complexity at scale. As an example, following our support for the caching, malicious model scanning, and license compliance features for the popular ML model repository, Hugging Face, we recently announced a partnership with AWS to integrate the JFrog platform with their ML development and deployment solution, SageMaker. Our customers asked JFrog and AWS to meet two critical requirements: integrate a leading tool for building and training models from AWS; and the ability to host, manage, and secure those models as part of the software supply chain flow through JFrog.

We remain in the early stages of standard building around AI and ML technologies and look forward to driving further JFrog platform extension into the MLOps area. Finally, I would like to add a few words about the enterprise go-to-market changes we have successfully applied. AT&T, Vimeo, IVU Technologies, and Clalit, are all demonstrating what we have shared as our go-to-market strategy over the past few years. JFrog not only built and expanded our technology offerings, but also moved from inbound bottom-up sales processes to enterprise top-down motion. We best serve the enterprise, and we strive to build value around enterprise pains. Therefore, our team was focused in 2023 on expanding our customer portfolio with companies that meet this profile and land with a higher ASP and a higher propensity to expand faster.

With this approach in mind, in fiscal 2023, we were pleased to extend our customer accounts to approximately 7,400 versus 7,200 in the prior year. With that, I will turn the call over to our CFO, Ed Grabscheid, who will provide an in-depth recap of Q4 financial results and update you on our outlook for both Q1 and fiscal year 2024. Ed?

Ed Grabscheid: Thank you, Shlomi, and good afternoon, everyone. During the fourth quarter of 2023, total revenues were $97.3 million, up 27% year-over-year. For the full fiscal year 2023, revenues were $349.9 million, up 25% year-over-year. As noted by Shlomi, we saw continued reacceleration in cloud customer usage during the fourth quarter, with revenues equaling $36 million, up 59% year-over-year and representing 37% of total revenues versus 30% in the prior year. For fiscal year 2023, our cloud revenues equaled $119.3 million, up 50% year-over-year, and equaled 34% of total revenues versus 28% in the prior year. During the fourth quarter, we saw 6 points of one-time growth year-over-year, or roughly $1.5 million within our cloud revenues.

The majority of one-time contributions came from higher-than-typical revenue true-ups. The growth above our guidance of a rate in the mid-40%s for our cloud business in 2023 is driven by increasing customer usage trends and strong growth within our greater than $1 million customer cohort. Self-managed revenues or on-prem were $61.3 million, up 14% year-over-year during the fourth quarter. For the full year 2023, self-managed revenues increased 15% compared to the prior year. We expect the trend of slower expansion within our self-hosted business to continue through 2024 as more new customers land and expand in our cloud solutions. Net dollar retention for the four trailing quarters has stabilized as projected at 119%, a decline of 9 points year-over-year due to macro headwinds and slower cloud migration trends.

Our gross retention rate remained at 97%. During 2023, we saw another year of strong customer adoption of the complete JFrog platform, driven by customers looking to consolidate and secure their software supply chain. In Q4, 49% of total revenues came from Enterprise+ subscriptions, up from 43% in Q4 2022. Driven by the strong execution of our top-down go-to-market strategy and platform consolidation, revenue contribution from E+ subscriptions grew 50% year-over-year in 2023. Now, I’ll review the income statement in more detail. Gross profit in the quarter was $82.3 million, representing a gross margin of 84.6% compared to 83.7% in the year-ago period. The increase in gross margin relative to the year-ago period is attributable in part to optimization within our cloud hosting costs and ongoing cost discipline efforts.

We expect annual gross margins will remain between 83% and 84% in the near future and then trend towards the low-80%s aligned with our long-term model as cloud revenues become a greater portion of our total revenue. Operating expenses for the fourth quarter were $66.1 million, up $3.9 million sequentially, equaling 68% of revenues, up from $62.5 million or 82% of revenues in the year-ago period. We continue to remain focused on expense discipline while investing in scaling our enterprise sales team and channel partner ecosystem. Our operating profit in Q4 was $16.2 million or 16.6% operating margin compared to an operating profit of $1.6 million or 2.1% operating margin in the year-ago period, a 14.5% improvement in operating margin. In 2023, we delivered another year of non-GAAP net income profitability with earnings per share of $0.51 based on approximately 109 million weighted average diluted shares, compared to $0.04 per share in the prior year and 105 million weighted average diluted shares.

Turning to the balance sheet and cash flow. We ended the year with $545 million in cash and short-term investments, up from $443.2 million as of December 31st, 2022. Cash flow from operations was $32.6 million in the quarter. After taking into consideration our CapEx requirements, free cash flow was $32 million or 33% free cash flow margin, representing a quarterly record for JFrog. For the full fiscal year 2023, we generated $74.2 million in operating cash flow, and $72.2 million in free cash flow, or 21% margin, a free cash flow annual record. We remain committed to our free cash flow margin targets provided within our long-term model, implying an estimated mid-point of 28% over the coming years. As of December 31st, 2023, our remaining performance obligation totaled $259.8 million.

Now, I’d like to speak about our outlook and guidance for the first quarter and full year of 2024. Our outlook for 2024 implies continued strength within our cloud business, driven by expectations for increasing customer usage along with stable growth in migrations similar to the second half of 2023. We estimate fiscal 2024 baseline cloud growth around the mid-40%s for the full year. Given the dynamics of our self-hosted and cloud business in 2023, we now expect our net dollar retention ratio to be in the high teens exiting the fiscal year 2024. We will continue to expand operating expenses on a dollar basis during 2024, but see continued room for operating leverage driven by ongoing cost optimizations offset by investment in strategic sales and channels, combined with targeted R&D spending on future growth opportunities.

For Q1, we expect revenues to be between $98 million and $99 million, equaling around 23% year-over-year growth at the mid-point, with non-GAAP operating profit between $12.5 million to $13.5 million, and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share of $0.13 to $0.15, assuming a share count of approximately 113 million shares. For the full year of 2024, we anticipate a revenue range between $424 million and $428 million. Non-GAAP operating income is expected to be between $56 million and $58 million, and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share of $0.58 to $0.60, assuming a share count of approximately 116 million shares. Now, I’ll turn the call back to Shlomi for some closing remarks before we take your questions.

Shlomi Ben Haim: Thank you, Ed. Less than a week ago, Israelis observed their Annual Family Day, a day to acknowledge and express gratitude for the family members in their lives. It has been over four months since many families were torn apart by the brutality of the terror organization, Hamas. As we speak, over 130 hostages, including infants, mothers, every individuals, and civilians, are still being held in underground cages in Gaza. We pray for a fast and safe return of the hostages to their loved ones, to their families, and we stand in solidarity with Israel, hoping for a peaceful future in the region. To the JFrog team, your resolve and resilience amidst these challenges are unmatched and I’m proud to represent your hard work in 2023.

You exceeded our commitments to the market and delivered in a challenging macroeconomic and geopolitical environment. My team, you have the spirit of Lions and heart of Frogs, I can’t wait to win 2024 with you. To our shareholders, we continue to believe that JFrog is well positioned to achieve success as we focus on sustainable growth drivers across DevOps, Security, and MLOps, all delivered to the enterprise by our software supply chain platform. We are committed to the long-term model shared with you early last year and are happy to report on the solid execution in 2023. Our performance is the result of your trust in us. Thanks for attending our call today. Happy Valentine’s Day, and may the Frog be with you. Operator, we are now open to take questions.

Operator: [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Sanjit Singh with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

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Q&A Session

Sanjit Singh: Thank you for taking my questions. And I guess one word, wow, spectacular quarter, particularly the cloud results. And so, let me start with the cloud business. I don’t think I’ve seen acceleration in the cloud business, particularly in Q4, in a number of years. And so, I was hoping if you give me some detail on why you saw the inflection that you did. By our math, the sort of incremental dollar adds were up well over 200% year-over-year. And so it seems like a pretty major inflection when a lot of other cloud consumption companies have a seasonally week December, those types of dynamics, you guys didn’t see that. So, would just love to better understand underneath the covers what’s driving the acceleration.

Shlomi Ben Haim: Yes, Sanjit, thank you for the kind feedback. Yes, we performed well — very well on the last quarter, especially in the cloud with 59% year-over-year growth. And what we have seen is what we projected in the second half of 2023. Unlike the freezing momentum we had in the beginning of the year, we started to see our customers, especially the enterprise, starting to climb back up with the consumption. While migration to the cloud is still coming with some hesitation, consumption is back, especially around the infrastructure, and especially when you bet your software delivery and software supply chain, security, and DevOps on a cloud infrastructure. We were very happy to see this coming back as projected and as we guided for the next year, we are seeing this from momentum in consumption keep happening.

Ed Grabscheid: I’d like to add that. Yes, Q4 is a seasonably high renewal quarter for us. So, some cloud customers at the end of those contract terms may require revenue true-ups based on their differences between the actual data consumption and contractual commitments. Those true-ups that we discussed, the majority of those are happening because of this circumstance. It hasn’t been material in the past, but we thought we’d call them out in this call.

Sanjit Singh: And just sort of as a follow-up to that, any way to like quantify those true-ups and those impacts in Q4? And then looking more broadly into 2024, it seems like we’re on the cusp of a new sort of innovation cycle. And given the way sort of JFrog prices its solutions, and now you have a growing cloud business, if software development projects are coming back in a meaningful way this year, how does that sort of impact JFrog from a financial revenue top-line growth perspective, you can sort of draw an improving potential budget environment, software development project coming back, how does that — how do you expect that to influence the numbers going to 2024 and beyond?

Ed Grabscheid: So, we — right now, what we see is that consumption continues to have improvements, and we saw that in the second half of this year, and we anticipate that to be the same through 2024. Migrations have not increased. Although we saw a slight increase in the second half of 2023, we anticipate stabilization of those large customer migrations in 2024. We’re certainly not back to the same levels that we saw during 2022. If the budgets and — we see broadening of the budgets, then we may see improvements in the large customer migrations and that could potentially increase, but for now, we’re staying tactically cautious and we’re seeing our cloud in the mid-40%s growth.

Sanjit Singh: Excellent. Thank you very much.

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Pinjalim Bora with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Rachit Agrawal: Hi, this is Rachit on for Pinjalim. Can you help us understand the puts and take about the Advanced Security and the Curation and how you are thinking about it in terms of the contribution for 2024?

Shlomi Ben Haim: Yes, hi. This is Shlomi. I’ll take this one. Security is embedded in our platform. During 2023, we started to release quarter by quarter more and more solutions around the DevSecOps landscape to secure the software supply chain. JFrog Advanced Security was the first JFrog Curation that followed. There are more to come and we see customers now looking to consolidate point solutions around one platform. So, as we guided the market, we assume that security will become a material part of revenue in 2024.

Rachit Agrawal: Thank you.

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Mike Cikos with Needham and Company. Please go ahead.

Mike Cikos: Hi, thanks for taking the question, guys. If I could come back to — I think it was building off of your response to Sanjit’s second question regarding what’s in the guidance here. And so, I know that you guys are saying, hey, consumption continues to show these improvements. We’ve seen it in the second half of calendar ’23. We expect that to persist in ’24. That I understand. I think what confused me, and this might have been your comment, Ed, and I really just want to crystallize this here, but I think the comment was, migration saw a slight increase in 2H CY ’23, but we anticipate stabilization in ’24. And I just — could you better contextualize that for me? Like, are we expecting stabilization of that second half base or are we just assuming that the migrations continue to remain almost a little bit more hesitant when thinking about customers’ propensity to go through that migration?

Shlomi Ben Haim: Yes. Hi Mike, this is Shlomi. I’ll take this one. What we see in the cloud is a result of two avenues of growth. Avenue number one is the consumption, more data transfer, more storage, and our customers are growing with us, those that are already in the cloud. What happened in the beginning of 2023, the end of 2022, is that some of the strategic migration projects were put on hold by the customers. Our on-prem customers and prospects in the market kind of delayed their workload migration to the cloud. And while we started to see a momentum of climbing back with the consumption with those that are already in the cloud, we didn’t see kind of the same growth on the migration projects that were released to start moving to the cloud.

Now why is that? Mainly because of the fact that if you strategically took a decision to move to the cloud and you didn’t start yet, you want the macroeconomic to stabilize and then you will kick off the project again. While if you’re already in the cloud, it’s easier for you to scale with the consumption. What we assume is that in 2024, we will see more projects of cloud migration happening and still the same momentum of consumption. And therefore, we wanted to stay conservative with how we project the growth in 2024 and guided to mid-40% again.

Mike Cikos: Understood. Thank you. Thank you for laying that out, Shlomi. I really do appreciate it. And I also just wanted to come back, I — in your prepared remarks, I know you cited the customer count, which we get on an annual basis. And I appreciate we’re at 7,400 now. And a year ago, we were at 7,200, but I was interested, there was a specific comment that you had in relation to the customer count, which said these newer customers you’re adding to the portfolio are coming on with higher ASP lands and a higher propensity to expand. And I wanted to get some more color on those two dynamics as well. Could you either give some more color or detail regarding those ASP lands that you’re seeing? It makes sense intuitively, just given the expansion of the platform that we have, where we are today versus just a year ago, but wanted to see if we could get something more on that dynamic? Thank you.

Shlomi Ben Haim: Yes, Mike. Well, you’ve followed JFrog for quite some while. You remember the day that the bottom-up in-bound sales was 90% of our revenue, and we slowly in the past three years, shift from a bottom-up, from a developer’s up to a top-down outbound mechanism. Part of what we have done, we also identified what logos we want to go after. And you cannot treat a $1 million land the same as you would do with a $1,000 logo that lands and expands slower. So, we aimed our team toward this direction. We aimed our solutions, technologies, and platforms toward this direction. We started to work with partners and channels toward this direction, and still scored 200 net new customers’ logos within our portfolio. What we see with these logos is that they are not only landing with a higher ASP, they also grow faster than the logos that started from free tier or from open source and slowly grew.

Now, this is not to say that we are dropping the ball on the SMBs, but when I guide the team, I need to make sure that they are focused not only on what logo we are after, but also what value can we bring to the enterprise versus what value can you bring to the SMBs. Therefore, I’m very pleased with this result, and this would be the focus moving forward as well.

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Koji Ikeda with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Koji Ikeda: Hi, guys. Thanks for taking the questions. Just a couple from me here. I wanted to ask a question on optimization. In the prepared remarks and the guidance, there was a mention of optimization, so I just wanted to be very clear here. Are you calling out that some companies might still be having optimizations? Is that more or less what’s going on? Do you anticipate optimizations to continue? Does the guidance incorporate a fair amount of optimization assumptions, or did I just completely mishear that, and are optimizations more or less in the rear-view mirror for you guys?

Ed Grabscheid: Hi Koji, this is Ed. No, the comment was not about optimization from the customers. This is more internal in the optimizations that we have internally to drive leverage in our P&L.

Koji Ikeda: Got it. Now, thank you for that clarification. And then I wanted to have a follow-up on the net revenue retention. You know, clearly here at 119%, it looks like it’s stabilized. Is it safe to say it’s bottomed and it should expand from here? And just to really think it through, if it were to dip again, what would be the causes of that?

Ed Grabscheid: Yes. So, Koji, we feel that the net dollar retention rate is stabilized, and we’re saying we’ll be within the high teens. The high teens means between 117% to 119%, but we feel like we’ve stabilized net dollar retention at this point.

Operator: Our next question comes from the line of Ittai Kidron with Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.

Ittai Kidron: Thanks, guys, and thanks for your comments, Shlomi, at the end of your prepared remarks. It’s important. Had a question — I’m kind of tying some of the points that Ed also mentioned on the call. Love to get more better understanding, as the relative contribution of migrations versus new to your cloud business, can you give us a little bit more quantitative, if not qualitative, assessment of the relative contribution of those two to the growth? And related to that, Shlomi, I know your focus has been clearly on expanding customers, but if cloud itself is self-serve, is there no room for better or faster new customer additions? It feels like the technical complexity of ramping as a new customer should be significantly lowered. Why should that not unlock by itself faster new customer additions?

Shlomi Ben Haim: Yes. Hi Ittai, You have a very good question. It’s not just consumption versus migration, it’s also migration and prospects in the cloud. So, what I would say to that point is that the majority of our prospects are not even considering self-office. It’s not that 10 years ago market that it was a debate. Most of our prospects will start in the cloud unless they are in a highly regulated environment and, therefore, they will look for a self-office solution. So, new customers will usually land in the cloud. We provide a multi-cloud solution. We provide a hybrid solution. It gives them all the options. Regarding the new logo count, well, listen, this is a company that built a platform and added technologies and new persona, entered new addressable market, moved from open source bottom-up to top-down enterprise sales.

I committed to you guys that we will be focused on a very strong execution and delivery of what we promised. And in order to do that, we have to choose our battles. And in order to choose our battles, I’m asking my team, what is it that you have in your pipeline? And we have to choose from the pipeline what will deliver on the results that would be aligned with the guidance and the long-term model. So, maybe in the future, we will invest more, but there is that much we can do without distracting the Company. I think we chose well.