Jens Holstein: Yeah. Maybe, Tazeen, just to add. I mean, Ryan basically describes the situation. And I think we’ve made some statements in our speeches as well in that respect, that of course the situation like we currently see hasn’t been seen before for any product so far. Patients have received — people have received multiple vaccinations in the last two years. And of course, there is some level of tiredness so to stay on getting vaccinated. But we see the need for further vaccinations. And I think specifically for the U.S., you’ve heard probably some of the plans that Pfizer and as well as our competitor Moderna has announced on how the expectations will be going up for the rest of the year to pick up with the vaccination rates.
So in that respect, the next couple of months, the next two, three months will give us a good sign how the year will end. There is some uncertainty we just wanted to make that clear. And we see 2023 is a very special year, though too. I have to say so. From our perspective, that situation that people have received multiple vaccinations and now are maybe a little bit tired has to grow into a market where you have annual vaccinations. And I think it gives — ’23 gives us some indication, but we also believe there will be a further increased potential from our perspective for ’24 and the other years, just given the specific situation that we now have in this year with two years of multiple vaccinations for people.
Tazeen Ahmad: Okay. Thank you.
Operator: Thank you. We will now go to your next question. And your next question comes from the line of Akash Tewari from Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Unidentified Participant: Hi, everyone. Thanks so much for taking our question. This is Amy on for Akash. So Pfizer has alluded to an enterprise wide cost cutting program, particularly around COVID its long-term vaccine demand ends up being modest. How would Pfizer’s cost cut change your long-term OpEx on your COVID programs and spend more broadly? And on a related note, can you go over what’s changed in your new 2023 OpEx and CapEx guide? We’re seeing that BNT141 isn’t on your pipeline slate this quarter. Are there any other components that may be driving these cost cuts? Thanks so much.
Ryan Richardson: Yeah. Thank you for the questions. So I’ll speak to the OpEx point and then I’ll ask Jens to opine on what’s driving the cost lines in our guidance. But on the OpEx side, the short answer is no. And actually one of the unique features of our economic model for COVID-19 is that our OpEx is very lean. So, as you may recall, we get a gross profit share on every COVID vaccine dose produced and delivered through the Pfizer partnership, and only in Germany and Turkey, we booked topline product sales and actually have significant OpEx, only in those two countries. So that does translate into a very differentiated profile across our P&L and I think you see some of that lean is reflected in the numbers that we’ve disclosed today. Jens, do you want to speak to the drivers of the costs in respect?
Jens Holstein: Yeah. I mean, for us, and we of course can only talk for us, and we cannot talk about Pfizer and their cost cutting plan that they have announced in the earnings call. So far, from our perspective, we see a little bit less spend for the collaboration with Pfizer in the course of 2023. But we also have a close look on our own spending in the areas of oncology, for example, or in building up production capacities. So those have been specific areas where we just look at controlling our costs going forward to have more flexibility.
Unidentified Participant: Great. Thanks so much.
