Affirm Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ:AFRM) Q4 2025 Earnings Call Transcript

Affirm Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ:AFRM) Q4 2025 Earnings Call Transcript August 28, 2025

Affirm Holdings, Inc. beats earnings expectations. Reported EPS is $0.2, expectations were $0.1235.

Operator: Good afternoon, and welcome to the Affirm Holdings, Inc. Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2025 Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded, and a replay of the call will be available on our Investor Relations website for a reasonable period of time after the call. I’d like to turn the call over to Zane Keller, Head of Investor Relations. Thank you. You may begin.

Zane Keller: Thank you, operator. Before we begin, I would like to remind everyone listening that today’s call may contain forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those set forth in our filings with the SEC which are available on our Investor Relations website. Actual results may differ materially from any forward-looking statements that we make today. These forward-looking statements speak only as of today, and the company does not assume any obligation or intent to update them, except as required by law. In addition, today’s call may include non-GAAP financial measures. These financial measures should be considered as a supplement to and not a substitute for GAAP financial measures.

For historical non-GAAP financial measures, reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures can be found in our earnings supplement slide deck, which is available on our Investor Relations website. Hosting today’s call with me are Max Levchin, Affirm’s Founder and Chief Executive Officer; Michael Linford, Affirm’s Chief Operating Officer; and Rob O’Hare, Affirm’s Chief Financial Officer. In line with our practice in prior quarters, we will begin with brief opening remarks from Max before proceeding immediately into your questions. On that note, I will turn it over to Max to begin.

Max Roth Levchin: Thank you, Zane. The results, which I do think are exceptionally strong, is all the explaining we need to do. So just one tidbit we left on the cutting room floor that we didn’t just crush this quarter, we actually set a new record in most of our metrics, which is unusual. Fiscal Q2 is a normal peak but this is Q4 and yes, it is the record. So that’s really cool. I should tell you that our growth is accelerating and we are firing on all pistons. Also, we just celebrated Libor’s decade at our Affirm a few months ago, and so I want to congratulate Michael on his 7 years here as of yesterday and Rob’s upcoming fifth anniversary this Sunday. I’m privileged to lead an extremely talented and dedicated team, and I don’t take for granted that they and their families are willing to put up with my antics for so many years. Thank you, guys, and here’s to many more years of building Affirm together. Back to you, Zane.

Zane Keller: Okay. Great. Thank you, Max. With that, we’ll now take your questions. Operator, please open the line for our first question.

Q&A Session

Operator: [Operator Instructions] And our first question comes from the line of Dan Dolev with Mizuho.

Dan Dolev: Great results as always. So obviously really strong quarter, amazing guide for next year. It sounds like last quarter, you were talking a little bit about the potential stress and the impact on Affirm. It sounds like things have gotten a little better for you from when you were reported last time to now. And what is your best take on how things stand now and sort of the reason for that optimism and the nice uptick for you guys, and again, really strong stuff. Very good.

Max Roth Levchin: Thank you, Dan. As Michael loves to say, we take our guidance very seriously and err on the side of being thoughtful and aiming to get ourselves some A-pluses instead of just straight As. And we typically do deliver, not a forward-looking statement. But from the consumer point of view, which I gather was the question, we think that it continues to perform. It’s really maybe a commentary on how strong the momentum is in the U.S., and to at least a similar degree, Canadian consumer and soon, we’ll find out what that looks like for U.K. one. But we’re feeling very good about the originations we’re driving. We feel quite excellent about our ability to get paid back on time. So on the credit side of the equation, continues to perform really well. On the demand for our service, you see the acceleration in GMV and the new record. In that sense, off calendar, if you will, is also a reflection of the fact that folks are using Affirm for more and more things.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Dan Perlin with RBC Capital Markets.

Daniel Rock Perlin: I want to go back to the 0% APRs with the first-time users coming in. I think you said that was like 50% which is, again, like a very, very strong number. So the question is, it’s bringing in a lot of new users. I’m wondering when you look at kind of prior quarters, obviously, you can’t look at it this quarter, but prior quarters, what kind of like repeat rates are you able to, I guess, glean from those initial users coming in? And the real crux of the question is, are they coming on to the platform because of the 0% APR but they’re not using it again? Or are they behaving similar to maybe a more traditional Affirm user?

Max Roth Levchin: A great question. I appreciate the implied dig at how real are these growth users. But I have good news on that front. They do repeat, obviously, every credit strata behaves a little bit differently in the sense that folks choose us more or less depending on what alternatives they have, how they feel about the merchant coverage or the deal covers that they want. But generally speaking, there’s not a tremendous difference in terms of repeat of users that have been acquired through 0s or not. But the more interesting thing, which you didn’t ask but I’m going to answer anyway, is do 0% users flip over to interest bearing? And they do. And that, I think, is a really, really important indicator. Obviously, 0% transactions are somewhat less profitable for us.

They’re still profitable. So this is not a loss leader. But the interest income that comes in, in interest-bearing loans is obviously more profitable. And those folks enjoy 0s when they are available to them. But the experience using Affirm is so positive, they do convert to interest-bearing users just fine and come back to us for many other things than just 0s.

Daniel Rock Perlin: That’s great. I figured out to sort of dig in early, so thanks.

Max Roth Levchin: When I was reading our numbers, what would I stick my finger on like how good is that? And this is a good one to ask. And the answer is positive.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Adam Frisch with Evercore ISI.

Adam B. Frisch: So it seems like you guys are just — Max, I’ll quote you, you guys are crushing it. The only thing I could see kind of derailing the story is what’s going on with the consumer. And if you expect things like the resumption of college loans and so forth, maybe the data around consumers gets a little dicier in the next couple of months into the end of the year. Could you just remind us where you are in your spectrum of — the folks that use your platform, where they are on the FICO scores relatively? Like how many of your transactions are with consumers that are near prime, prime or super prime? So when the data inevitably comes out where the consumer might be getting a little shakier, we have something to fall back on in terms of the quality of the folks engaging with Affirm.

Max Roth Levchin: I don’t know if it’s going to come out any sooner than right now. It’s all in our supplement, I think. But generally speaking, student loan repayment resumption is a thing that we’ve all been aware of for quite some time and have definitely taken measures to make sure we are not overextending that borrower and also monitoring how that is going for them. So the reason or the fact that we don’t give or didn’t give an enormous amount of attention to the credit performance in this particular letter isn’t because we forgot. It’s because it’s been highly consistent and continue to perform really well. But it also doesn’t mean we’ve taken our eyes off. The sort of the thing that we kept on repeating for years and years is that credit is job #1.

It still is. The team still gets — the executive team still gets a full credit performance update every single Monday. And any time there’s a disturbance in force, we move that from once a week to 3 times a week and daily if that warrants it. And so we are very, very mindful of our performance. We are not even little bit asleep at the switch. The numbers you see are there exactly because we want them to be there. We’ve said it many times before. Credit performance is an output of our settings of the models that we run. Not to sort to belabor the obvious but we underwrite every single transaction and the reserve the rights to decline transactions we feel are too risky for the end borrower and for Affirm and we do. And if there’s ever a deviation from our normally extraordinarily high net promoter scores, because not everybody enjoys hearing, “Hey, you shouldn’t borrow.

You’re over-extended”, but we won’t change our point of view on their ability to borrow and our willingness to lend if they are, in fact, overextended, be it with Affirm or overall in their credit utilization. So no, I’m not concerned about that. Obviously, macroeconomic shifts are a thing that happens to everybody at the same time. That’s not a thing we control. But we can control our results and have controlled the results for years and years as the macroeconomic environment moved up and down, sometimes pretty suddenly. So I feel very good about our performance, feel good, more importantly, in our ability to control that performance so long as we keep our eyes on the credit numbers and we certainly do.

Robert W. O’Hare: And I would just add that I think given the short duration of the loans that we’re originating, the most important thing for us is that we have a full picture of the borrower’s wherewithal to repay the loan at the time of origination. And then the asset is so short-dated and we’re increasingly working with consumers that we’ve seen before. 95% of our transactions came from repeat borrowers this quarter. So that setup really allows us to focus on underwriting the consumer here today where they are and making sure that we’re instrumented to catch changes in the future. But we don’t really stare at those problems in advance. I think we’re really focused on making sure that the cohorts that we originate today pay us back. And if we need to adjust the underwriting to be more inclusive or less inclusive in the future, we’ll do that in normal course.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Will Nance with Goldman Sachs.

William Alfred Nance: Nice results today, as always. I wanted to ask a question just on the funding environment. Max, we’ve continued to see the capital markets be wide open for consumer lenders. I think your funding capacity was up roughly 55% year-over-year. Utilization is way down. We’ve also seen that in pretty much every other lender in the space, with the rise of kind of alternative credit coming into the space, how do you think about the incentives that this creates in the market and like the risk of credit issues that result from more of an oversupply of funding from some of the lower quality competitors in the space or people who are kind of flush with funding and have kind of incentives to make a lot of loans because of that?

Michael A. Linford: I can start, and Max can add. Like I don’t know what I can really speak to the people and the broader ecosystem. I know that we are really mindful of the health of the capital markets when we think about picking our partners. It’s as important that we pick capital partners who we think are going to be our partners for the long term and not just worrying about who’s the lowest bid today. And as a result, we partner with who we think is the blue chips of these asset managers. And that can come in the form of large strategic partnerships with world-class investors like Sixth Street or very good insurance asset managers up and down our stack. That’s not an accident. We think really long and hard about picking the partners who we think are going to be committed and long term with us.

And therefore, we don’t move too quickly either. We don’t pivot out of a strategy, we think, in the better part of decade increments. So we’re not so concerned with what those partners do because they’re obviously thinking about the problem in the right way. I will say the conditions are very favorable, as you pointed out, and that’s to our benefit. We’re really mindful of that. And I think that’s part of the reason why the execution is so good right now.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Moshe Orenbuch with TD Cowen.

Moshe Ari Orenbuch: I was hoping we could talk a little bit about the Affirm Card. You gave some statistics, talking about it being $1.2 billion of volume, a 10% attach rate and also that the 0% volume on the card kind of tripled. Can you just talk a little bit about the current strategy with respect to the card, how you think it’s going to impact Affirm’s customers and volume going forward? And maybe is there any special significance to the 0% in that product?

Max Roth Levchin: I’m trying to parse all the really cool threads to pull on here. Actually, card is growing really well. So the meaning of the update for the avoidance of doubt was its kicking out and taking names, and we’re very proud of it, and we got a lot more to go before we think it might change. The 10% attach rate is just a number. We’ll celebrate more when it increases. The strategy with the card, I learned the hard way that I’m not going to front-run what’s next for it, but it is an extremely active area of investment for us. So we have more coming — more things coming, some really, we think, incrementally powerful boosters to this particular rocket are on the way. So we’re pretty excited about what’s to come there.

I will not preannounce them now, but I’m still spending a lot of my time figuring out how to make the card even more compelling. You can see a little bit about the off-line category growth in the update, I think, and that sort of speaks to the fact that we are learning how to offer it in the right way to the consumer so that they remember to take it with them to places where they haven’t used for e.g., a gas station, which is not a thing you can integrate online. In terms of 0s on the card, it’s actually a [Audio Gap] more than anything, an amazing surprise and delight and frequency driver. So if you remember last call, we said that the really ambitious version of the card gets us to 10 million card — a version of the card future is 10 million cardholders active and something along the lines of $7,500-plus transaction GMV per year.

The current trailing 12 months of the cardholder is about $4,700. So I think the last time we dropped this number, it was along the lines of $3,500. This is across all Affirm services, so this is card and in all the other places where you might go, but card dominates that spend obviously [Audio Gap]. So we’re not quite at the $7,500 but we’re more than halfway there. And so there are many things that are coming together to make sure the card is the best expression of Affirm. So as far as I think I want to go right now, we’re kind of long-winded on this one, but there’s a lot to do, and there’s some cool unexpected things that are coming soon.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Rob Wildhack with Autonomous Research.

Robert Henry Wildhack: You’ve been extolling the virtues of the 0% APR product for several quarters now. I mean, as far as I can tell, we haven’t really seen your peers lean into that product in the same way. I appreciate that you’re not them. But even so, like why do you think that is? Why has no one else, be it fintech or legacy, gone into the 0% APRs with the same kind of vigor that you have?

Max Roth Levchin: Yes, underwriting is hard and we’re good at it and others aren’t. So a couple of things. First of all, I don’t mean to come off as quite arrogant, but we do think that this is a difficult thing to do, and we spent a long time being good at it and plenty of internal consternation. Every time we look at a model and ask ourselves, is this a good idea or a bad idea? It’s not just cool that give people promotional rates. It’s going to be amazing. If you remember, our 0s are real 0s. It’s in the letter as well, but we don’t do deferred interest. We don’t charge fees, which means that if a 0 consumer really does pay nothing above sticker, that means that transaction has to be profitable strictly through merchant subsidies, which is a thing to negotiate in a custom contract and a lot of control surfaces that you have to offer to the merchant because they need the ability to turn it on and off if they don’t have the margin to do it forever.

And we have to have the support infrastructure internally to guide them through such campaigns. Do you want to do 0s during this holiday period but not and you have to do it in a way that’s compliant with fair lending laws? Because if you start doing things that are a little too creative, you might end up discriminating advertently against the group that should not be discriminated against. And you’re not just doing 0s. 0s are easier in a sense that at least you know it’s a 0% loan. But for a large swath of consumers, actually 5.99% APR is extraordinarily compelling. It’s way better than anything else they could get. And so when I say 0% in the letter, what we really mean here is consumers get the benefit of reduced APRs as merchants subsidize them.

And doing that in real time price to perform on the credit side, on the capital market side because these loans are purchased downstream by people who expect yields that are strong, whatever the deal the consumer got and making sure that these are truly incredible for merchants, it’s a massive multivariate problem. And we love math here more than just about anything else. I think most of our competitors just don’t and that’s our strength. Our advantage is we live better through mathematics.

Robert Henry Wildhack: That’s helpful. And just quick on the guidance and the comment that the enterprise merchant will transition off in the fiscal second quarter. It’s kind of an important time with the holiday season, so a little in the weeds, but do you think that happens at the end or the beginning of that quarter? I guess I’m asking if you’re going to get the holiday spend there or not.

Max Roth Levchin: The assumption in our outlook, Rob, is that, that enterprise partner is wound down sort of going into the quarter, so by the end of this quarter, fiscal Q1.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Kyle Peterson with Needham & Co.

Kyle David Peterson: Great. Nice results. I wanted to touch on the outlook and the take rate. It looks like it’s going to be kind of fairly stable with at least the run rated 4Q level. I guess does that imply the mix — the product mix that we saw in the fourth quarter should be fairly steady? Or are there any other take rate impacts that we should be mindful of, like, for example, with the enterprise partner, anything that might influence some of these numbers as well?

Max Roth Levchin: Yes. We stopped short of guiding to mix specifically, but as you saw this quarter, monthly 0% loans were growing north of 90% year- on-year. So we would expect that, that loan product in particular, continues to take a bit of share within our mix. But otherwise, I think the most important thing for us is that the units we’re creating are profitable and that we have a funding plan and a mix plan that allows us to sort of stay in that 3% to 4% RLTC range. And with the guide, we’re expecting to be at the very, very high end of that range from a revenue less transaction cost take rate perspective.

Kyle David Peterson: Okay, that’s really helpful. And then I guess just a follow-up following up on Will’s question around funding. I wanted to ask, are you guys seeing, just given that the funding environment is the best it’s been in quite some time. Have you guys seen any uptick in competition or irrational players that might be kind of spoiling the water? And I guess if so, how are you guys kind of dealing with that and continuing to grow while maintaining really solid credit?

Michael A. Linford: Yes. For us, the quality of the credit isn’t really a decision. It’s something we can strain the business with and then we operate from that point. And that’s not lost on our capital partners. Again, I think the reason why what I consider to be the best credit investors in the world want to partner with Affirm and do is because of that commitment we’ve made to operate the business in a certain way. And we’ve done that not just when things are really good. We’ve done that back through all of the turmoil that you’ve seen over the past half decade. Our best investors see that, they recognize that and they’re attracted to it. Again, we think about these things as long- term partnerships. I think some of the behavior or concerns that you’re alluding to would exist in people who are looking for just kind of more tradie type relationships, one-timey.

And that’s just not how we operate our business so it’s kind of far away from us. And again, when you think about choosing your partners, and we have the luxury of choice, given our performance, thinking about the partners we choose to do business with, our team is really selective around partners who we know are going to be thoughtful and not get over their skis and chase anything away from them. I talk to partners and they share that they either were pursuing an opportunity and didn’t get it because they weren’t willing to pay up. Both of us are happy in those moments because I know that my partner is being disciplined and that discipline will benefit us in the long run. And I think there’s just so much capital to go to work right now that it doesn’t really give me any concern.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Andrew Jeffrey with William Blair.

Adib Hasan Choudhury: This is Adib Choudhury on for Andrew. We wanted to ask on the international strategy in the U.K. but also in other geos you might be looking at and kind of the opportunity for Affirm to bring its underwriting product to the rest of world. And then secondly, how the mix of GMV might look differently internationally kind of versus Affirm’s core domestic business?

Max Roth Levchin: It’s a great question. Happy to report that we are in friends-and-family testing in the U.K. with our Shopify friends. It’s very exciting so that’s obviously an enormous potential of that is not lost on anyone. Obviously, we have merchants that we’ve taken live there and are excited to bring on a few more of our own, but Shopify is just an incredible partner in our growth, and we think we have it for them as well. So that’s coming quite soon. The mix is a little hard to tell in the following sense. We know that the market has tremendous appetite for Pay in 3 and Pay in 4, which are traditionally 0s because that’s what the majority of the competition does the totality of their business in. But we also know that all the major merchants we’ve spoken with are signed, have said what we really need from you guys is longer terms.

We want 6 months, 12 months, which obviously, to a large degree, will be interest-bearing. So as of right now, I think the mix that we have in the U.K. is — skews more interest-bearing than not. As we scale Shopify, that is absolutely subject to change just based on what this will do relative to what’s available. So a little too early to make claims. We are absolutely going to be as mindful and as attentive to credit in the U.K. as we have been in the U.S. and Canada, but that’s not an optional thing. We’re not going to play fast and loose whatsoever. But we feel very good about our ability to get the data we need to underwrite and also just to achieve the scale. We need to make sure that the levers of control are useful. In terms of other geographies, I think we’ve been pretty transparent that we’re not going to show you a map but if we drew one, it would look like Europe.

Adib Hasan Choudhury: Got it. And if I could ask a quick follow-up. Can we just get a high-level update on the Apple Pay partnership and if there’s anything kind of incremental to share there?

Max Roth Levchin: We, as is our custom, do not talk about, generally speaking, individual partners, but in particular, we do not talk about wallet partnerships in any detail.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of John Hecht with Jefferies.

John Douglas Hecht: Good quarter. And I’m looking at a globe, but I can’t find anything that looks like Europe other than Europe, so thank you for that.

Max Roth Levchin: New Zealand kind of looks like Japan.

John Douglas Hecht: The question on, I guess, customer engagement. Higher frequency of engagements. I guess as a customer seasons on the platform, do the dynamics or characteristics of their typical transaction change as they kind of mature?

Max Roth Levchin: That is a really good question. I don’t know if I have a really thoughtful answer for you right now. The theory behind the card and things like Affirm Anywhere and all the other products we’ve built to gain frequency was largely that we already understood to be a considered purchase helper. So if you’re buying a bicycle or a mattress, that sort of once every year type purchase, you obviously should use Affirm because you will probably find a great brand-sponsored 0% or subsidized APR, all that. And so as we added more products, they were always meant to take the AOV down at the average. So it would be useful in more situations, more frequent situations. And that’s generally speaking been then the case. I think if you track our average ticket, you can sort of see a gentle downtrend even as the frequency increased faster than the downtrend for sure, as we sort of grabbed on to more purchases, just somewhat more frequent ones.

So that’s sort of the best I got off the cuff. I am sure we can publish something off-cycle explaining what really happens. But needless to say, we’re very happy with the increased frequency. We’re not super fussy about AOVs. We don’t think it’s our job to make you buy 2 mattresses. We’re answering demand that you naturally have versus telling you in any sort of promotional way, you bought a mattress, buy another one. And so that means whatever natural average ticket — average spend the user has on any unit time, that’s what we should have. And we’re still ahead of the averages if you look at things like debit cards, which is kind of our primary — debit cards and credit cards are primary replacement goods or services. You will see that we’re still ahead of them but we’re coming closer and closer.

And we won’t rest until we are a proper replacement for credit cards, of course, and at that point, our AOV should be roughly the match to them.

John Douglas Hecht: Okay, that’s very helpful. And then you guys provided the general framework to think about the impact of rising rates. I mean, the futures curve or the forward curve looks like there’s a high probability of lower rates. So maybe can you guys give us a framework to think about the impact of lower rates on the business?

Max Roth Levchin: Yes, great question, John. It should be generally the rough — the same rough mechanics that we outlined during the rising rate environment where a 1-point move in reference rates should translate to about a 40 bps change in our funding cost. So that should be true whether the rates are going up or down. The other part of the framework that we shared previously, just for everyone, is that there will take time for those mechanics to play out because a portion of our funding is variable in nature, but the majority of our funding actually is not truly variable and will adjust with a time lag. So it may take a year or 2 or even longer for those rate changes to fully show up in our funding costs and in our platform portfolio base.

So there’s nothing to believe. There’s nothing in our agreements with merchants or otherwise that would lead us to believe that we wouldn’t see the same impact of a declining rate environment as a rising rate environment if you’re looking purely at funding costs. I think the question that we make sure we ask internally is if rates are declining, why is that happening, right? And there could be offsetting impacts elsewhere in the business if rates were to decline because unemployment was rising or there was stress on the consumer, obviously, that could lead to costs elsewhere in our base.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Matt Coad with Truist Securities.

Matthew Robert Coad: Wanted to go back to the 0% topic, but I wanted to address it from the merchant side. So you talked about the number of merchants funding this offering doubling year-over-year. And I believe that’s up to 7% of your total merchant base now that’s funding the 0% APRs. Curious, like as we look forward, what you think that penetration rate can get to.

Max Roth Levchin: It should round up to almost 100. There are — and I’m prone to some hyperbole with numbers and Rob is laughing at me, but here’s what I really mean by this. So merchants are broadly divided into a handful of categories, but one way to do it is to think of the margin they spend on marketing. My contention is that marketing budget is at least as well-spent at the bottom of the funnel as it is at the top. If you’re broadcasting a story of why somebody should come shop with you, you’re frequently doing it in terms of going out of business sale, hopefully not, but more like 20% sale or a Christmas sale so these are sales-driven — sale-driven consumer acquisition is a little bit of a hand grenade approach to trying to make sales.

At the very bottom of the funnel or at the product exploration level of the funnel, you can be much more precise and, with our technologies such as AdaptAI where we offer consumers the exact or our estimation of the exact financing offer that would compel them to buy it’s just much cheaper for the merchant. They would spend a lower percentage of their marketing budget if they thought of it this way at the bottom of the funnel. The adoption curve of these tools, the 0% APR contract is entirely a function of these merchants realizing that the marketing money they’re spending is better spent on such promotions at the bottom of the funnel versus the blanket coverage at the top of the funnel. And every year, we’re just doing slightly better, making sure this is convincing, everything from showing the results and/or working with them to test this, publishing white papers, educating our sales people, helping them educate their internal accounting people, et cetera.

So at the limit, I think every single merchant will benefit from these programs. There are merchants whose margins are quite low naturally, and they spend very little of the overall GMV marketing themselves, maybe because they’re already at scale, maybe because they just have an alternative distribution model. That will be the last holdout. But generally speaking, this is a more efficient way of driving sales. It is apparent to a large enough body of GMV producers that it will eventually trickle down to the rest of the bunch. So that’s my conviction and I’m standing by it. And every year, we have more and more 0s to show for it. It will keep happening until morale improves.

Matthew Robert Coad: If I could just sneak in a follow-up. Max, you addressed this in the shareholder letter. You touched a lot on AI. I was hoping you could just talk about it on the call here, too. Just kind of like how you’re thinking about the future for agentic commerce and Affirm’s role in it.

Max Roth Levchin: It’s in the letter. I try to boil it down to be relatively pithy so you’re tempting me to give the longer form that Michael successfully taught me out of putting in. But the letter speaks to it pretty well. We think that agentic commerce is going to be extremely successful for some categories of transactions. It may not be super successful for all of them. Many transactions require final human approval just because they have to do with taste, kind of the unstated weakness of today’s state of AI, it’s fundamentally taste-free. It doesn’t know what’s beautiful. It certainly doesn’t know what’s beautiful to you. And a lot of purchases are made with taste as the front and center of the why. But the need to finance beautiful things or things that you require isn’t going away, so inherently, we will be in those transactions just like we have been able to find our way into all the other ones.

The thing that’s compelling for us about agentic commerce, in particular, it’s fundamentally a rehashing or remixing of e- commerce as it exists before AI. Like you can imagine, the conversion about universal cards has been around forever and no one’s ever really built the universal card of any kind of scale. Universal shopping cart is very much what’s going to happen inside these chatbots if you are to close these transactions from multiple brands, multiple stores, multiple warehouses in the same chat session. And so this idea of remixing e- commerce is what I think successful — certainly successful first act, maybe all the acts of agentic commerce looks like. We are built to be mixed into all environments. You see us pop up in places like shopping installments, which is a really deep integration.

We are a component of someone else’s wallet. You see us inside Chrome Autofill, which is a completely different integration but not actually very different from our point of view because our services work in that environment, very different environment, very similar integration. Almost identical consumer experience as far as Affirm is concerned. You will see versions of this in agentic commerce as that rolls out as well. And we’re pretty excited about it. I don’t — I’m generally a techno-optimist, so you should be careful what you sort of believe with my sort of rose-colored glasses on. But I don’t think it’s going to cannibalize commerce at a fundamental level. I think it’s actually going to increase volume for a lot of merchants. I think we will find that some things are still going to be purchased the old way and other things are just going to become naturally more obvious inside of an assisted or assistance-driven transactions, and we’re going to be here for all it.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of James Faucette with Morgan Stanley Investment Management.

James Eugene Faucette: I wanted to ask on the PSP integration, pretty interesting announcement of BNPL with Stripe Terminal. I think we — there’s potential for that to — or similar type announcements to be made with other payment service providers. I’d be curious if there’s any framing you would provide in terms of how important you think the PSP channel will be for your business, particularly when we think about the business overall, excluding Amazon and Shopify, and as a way to add additional merchants. And how do you intend to lean into that channel, et cetera?

Max Roth Levchin: Good question. Generally speaking, offline is still kind of the greenfield of buy now pay later. Fraction of online to off-line is still, whatever it is these days, 10:1, 8:1. So there’s a lot more there than inside e-commerce and yet buy now pay later is a minute fraction of that world because the integrations are just difficult. And discovery is hard, placement of you should think of this in more affordable terms sort of messaging prompting at the product level is difficult. So it’s important. It’s important insofar as when we go to talk to a merchant that has a large offline presence, talking to them about let’s promote something together and let’s integrate something together are 2 conversations, being able to say, actually, we don’t have to worry about the latter.

It’s already built into your point-of-sale processor. Let’s just talk about the promotional details and how we’re going to advertise the opportunity to finance things without fees frictionlessly without gimmicks. It makes the conversation easier because now you are talking about that marketing budget and discussing it with just one part of the retailer versus a whole separate IT environment that says, “Well, sure, would love to do it but our road map is busy until 2030.” So in that sense, it’s a huge boost. It’s an enabling technology, not a — now that we have it, every offline partner is just going to fall into our lap. So the work isn’t eliminated but it’s meaningfully reduced.

James Eugene Faucette: Got it. That’s really helpful. And then just a quick clarification on 0%. I certainly understand and think that it’s the push there and the benefits you get are pretty clear. But I’m wondering in terms of the shorter duration of 0% that you called out and how that evolved during the course of the June quarter. Is that a seasonal thing? Is that just an expansion of availability, a change in the type of customers that are eligible in opting for 0%? Just trying to get a little bit of color on how to think about that component on a go- forward basis.

Max Roth Levchin: Yes. Thanks for the question, James. I think the answer really was in the question. It was really a mix of both. We do have seasonality in our business generally, but certainly seasonality within our 0% programs and that showed up a bit as well, especially when you’re comparing maybe across Q3 and Q4. And then also, when we introduced zeros to a new merchant, one of the ways that we can do that is by making the shortest term that’s presented in the financing program a 0% offer. And so that has the natural output of shortening term lengths for that merchant’s program as well. So it really is a range of things that were at play in this quarter. And I think it speaks to the flexibility and just our ability to customize across multiple surfaces, term length and APR to make sure that we’re putting the best program together for our merchants and for consumers.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Reggie Smith with JPMorgan.

Reginald Lawrence Smith: It’s funny, I wanted to follow-up on the question that James just asked but take it in a slightly different direction. So I’m thinking about PSP’s primarily online so e-commerce not named Shopify. Is there a way to kind of frame — how do you guys think about your penetration within that channel, and I guess, the maturity of that channel? And so like if you were to look at the volumes in that segment, are they growing faster than the line average, slower — like help kind of frame that channel for us to the extent that you can. And then whether or not you guys often have default on status or how that works. And then my last question, just or a follow-up to that is just quickly on that merchant that’s leaving at the end of the first fiscal quarter, is the thinking that you’ll still — your logo will still be available on the website or has that changed?

Max Roth Levchin: I’ll start and let Rob finish just because I think you’re asking about assumptions in the guide. On the PSP side of things, we’re pretty early there. Obviously, default on is a really important, really powerful thing. We have multiple partnerships of this manner with PSPs not named Shopify, and we’re working pretty hard on expanding the list and being defaulted on. I don’t have the growth rates off the top of my head so I don’t want to perjure myself here. But I think they are accretive to the growth rate of the business, not detracting, but I will let Zane or Rob look this up. And if I’m wrong, I’m sure they’ll correct me soon enough, but I’m pretty sure I’m right on this one. So it’s a really important channel, it’s pretty early.

If you just follow our announcements, you’ll see that these are significantly more recent than, for example, the Shopify announcement. So just from the pure scale and time to penetrate, these are later comers and there’s more to be had there. So all of that, we think, accretes to the future growth. The merchant sets are a little bit different sometimes. Obviously, Shopify has an extremely broad appeal, but even they have some degree of, this is the canonical Shopify merchant, the same is true for every other platform or aggregator or payment processor, et cetera, et cetera. So each one gives us access to something that we probably haven’t seen before to at least some degree. I think that’s all I want to say.

Robert W. O’Hare: Yes. And in terms of the question around the merchant, I think the easiest way to talk about the relationship is just to outline what’s in our outlook. And what we’ve assumed in the outlook is that the integration goes away at the end of this quarter. And so it’s unclear exactly what the mechanics will be of how the relationship plays out. But that’s what we’ve assumed. And we think we’ve taken a pretty conservative stance in terms of volume in fiscal ’26 coming from this merchant.

Reginald Lawrence Smith: Got it. And not to belabor, when you say go away, does that mean 0 volume from that merchant? Or that will go away? What does that mean exactly?

Max Roth Levchin: What we’ve assumed in the outlook is that through the integration, there would be 0 volume after [indiscernible].

Operator: And Our next question comes from the line of Harry Bartlett with Rothschild & Co Redburn.

Harry Bartlett: I just wanted to touch on international again. So I mean, I’m just thinking about Shop Pay, so you talked about going to the U.K., but in terms of how quickly you can roll out into other geographies. Is it now a case of you have a playbook and then you’ll be able to kind of move a bit faster if you’re looking to move in other areas of Europe? And also, I guess just outside of Shop, do you have any, I guess, difference in your approach to how you’re going to expand internationally? I guess, I’m just coming from this from the point of brand awareness maybe isn’t quite as strong as it is in the U.S. and there are some incumbent players at checkout. So I just wonder if you have a different approach here on maybe the sales and marketing or consumer awareness.

Max Roth Levchin: I’ll try to touch on all these things as quickly as I can since there’s a lot here. So the short answer to your first question is yes and no concurrently. So in terms of the platform build and a lot of the technology, it is certainly built to be reusable. We’re not going to launch U.K. and go off and to build another completely different system to be live in and fill in your favorite European country. That’s all reusable and designed to be reusable, et cetera. We’re also not too concerned about spinning up technological or data center presence in AWS that they exist in every market. The different things that are — of course, things that are different about every market is access to data. Some of the peculiarities of local regulation and then also local licensing is really important.

So some things you can infer pretty easily about how might one approach to not having to do double and triple work on licensing or following regulatory regime. So you can be assured that we’re doing all those things as intelligently as we can. But there’s some work involved even if you are sort of as intelligent as you can possibly be with all those things. So that part, I think we’re in really good shape. We don’t expect to go off the radar for too, too long, and we’ll have more to say about it in the coming quarters. Things like capital markets is not a concern, just for the avoidance of doubt. In terms of sales and marketing, we said it before, so this shouldn’t be news to anybody, but we have a nice list of multinational partners, partners that are with us in the U.S. or Canada or U.K. who are multinational and are, generally speaking, very pleased with our performance.

We think we have a very good shot at talking those folks into being useful to them in more than one market. We’ve been successful at it between U.S. and Canada, certainly. So I see no reason why with the appropriate level of attention and good hygiene, we couldn’t do this again. So that’s the expansion plans for kind of these lighthouse brands. We don’t anticipate a dramatic investment in our brand in the U.S. or U.K. or beyond mostly because we market very successfully with our partners, and there’s a — majority of the marketing spend in our financials reflect the go-to-market efforts. We share with our merchant partners where we come together and all sorts of interesting promotional ways. So we’ll do that. We have some pretty exciting plans for that in our latest market.

I don’t want to spoil any surprises just yet, but that’s certainly coming. It will not break our bank by any stretch. So it’s all fully priced into the guide.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Jamie Friedman with SIG.

James Eric Friedman: Back to the AI conversation, I know Max, you want to keep it pithy, but I want to ask specifically about what you call out here in Adaptive Checkout and specifically the AdaptAI deployments that show an average 5% increase in GMV. What is that about? Can you like unpack the business process of how that works?

Max Roth Levchin: Sure. And we are not the best at naming products here as we were lamenting earlier today internally so you’ll have to forgive the repetitive sounding names. So Adaptive Checkout is the umbrella name of all the various manifestations of how checkout at Affirm works. So if you encounter an Affirm powered checkout, Affirm checkout inside a wallet, Affirm checkout inside a website directly integrated, so on and so forth, it’s all powered by the single Adaptive Checkout. And it wasn’t always this way we had a bunch of different builds of Affirm Checkout flow. And over the years, we have been — we generally have a tendency to refracture and rewrite a bunch of our product because we think it’s got good hygiene. So as we maintain a good hygiene, we’ve over time consolidated into almost a single thing with lots and lots of very thoughtful configurability pieces.

Until AdaptAI came along, most of this configurability was essentially manual in a sense that we would sign a contract with the merchant. The merchant would say, here are the terms I want. Here are the programs I’m willing to fund, and I would like a lot of control over when I turn them on and turn them off. And of course, we’re very happy to oblige because a huge part of our moat is this configurability is very powerful for the merchant but it’s also not replicable with any of our competitors. AdaptAI was sort of the answer to the question of, all right, so we’ve now built this thing. That’s the ultimate mousetrap of optimization of checkout, but there’s a lot of human effort involved in getting to the best results, and it’s not really — there’s not a book we’ve published on best practices of tuning Adaptive Checkout for merchants, and we should.

And then say, well, actually, we have this really great AI/ML effort. Why don’t we, instead of writing a book about it, build a model that automatically figures out the absolute best way of converting consumers at an Affirm powered checkout? And while we’re at it, let’s try to transition a lot of our merchant relationships or any or all of them, if we could, to something that looks like we will take care of all the optimization. Let us figure out the best set of programs for any given consumer as they’re staring at a cart or a product on your site or in your store, and we will take care of the rest. We will convert them to a buyer from a shopper at the best possible terms for them that is compelling to them. Not everybody wants a 0% deal. Many people actually really care about the monthly cash flow impact, and they’re far less APR sensitive or total interest-sensitive.

Many people are extremely headline APR sensitive. And you can sort of slice and dice it from there. Tuning that manually works beautifully. Tuning that automatically is an extraordinary improvement. And the 5% is a great early result. We expect more and we’ll certainly brag about it as we get there. But AdaptAI is AI-powered configuration of Adaptive Checkout, and that’s what we — we talked about rolling it out last quarter. We’ve rolled it out with select versions now. Obviously, we are asking for more control from the merchant. We’re telling them, look, if you just give us the ability to tune for each individual consumer what they see, it will cost you less and it will convert into more volume. It will take a little while for everyone to sign up for that.

But the ones that have are enjoying the benefits early and we’re tuning the models more and more as we go.

Operator: And our next question comes from the line of Giuliano Bologna with Compass Point.

Giuliano Jude Anderes Bologna: Congratulations on another incredible quarter. As a question, and this is somewhat of a high-level concept, but I’m curious when you look at a lot of the wallet partnerships if there’s kind of a new frontier where some of the wallet partnerships could enable offline transactions in the future, and how you plan for that and how material that could be in terms of driving incremental GMV growth. And then maybe how you think about the underwriting because you have an interesting opportunity to continue to differentiate and increase your lead ahead of your competitors with a product like that.

Max Roth Levchin: Certainly very excited offline commerce. I’m on the record talking about that every quarter, I think. I think if you look back at some of the announcements made by some of the largest wallets out there, you will see that they too are excited about offline applicability of the products that Affirm offers. So some of that is in the near future. We try to be as always conservative in our sort of promises and degrees of excitement about things that aren’t live yet. So I’ll hang back on the — of exactly what we expect from it. But I think the opportunity is enormous. I think, I sort of covered this in a little bit in earlier question, but there are 2 very distinct puzzles. Number one is how do you inform someone that this thing, this thing being Affirm, works in their favorite store?

We have some, we think, really good ideas on how to do that. You’ll see some of them actually quite soon on our surfaces. But there’s also the problem of integration and what in payments nerds slang it’s called tender delivery. Tender delivery is integration with point-of-sale systems, digital wallets, various forms of NFC. All of that’s in our radar. All of that is really important to us, and we’re quite engaged in all those things. Again, the greenfield size is roughly 10x of what we’re chasing in e-commerce. If you believe we can solve the latter problem, which we’re very confident in, it becomes a question of how well can you communicate it and how aggressive can you be in communicating it to shoppers from the brand point of view, which I think asked 5 years ago, some of them would have been wondering when might — if someone might go first, I think at this point, it’s flipped to actually — it should be promoted because it’s so successful in driving conversion.

One fun fact, we see increase in demand for Affirm anytime anyone in the industry runs a large promotional campaign, that’s just the notion of, oh, yes, buy now pay later is available accretes to Affirm naturally, even if we’re not the ones putting our name on the ad. So it’s just a matter of awareness more than it is anything else in the offline world..

Operator: Thank you. And with that, there are no further questions at this time. I would like to turn the floor back to Zane Keller for closing remarks.

Zane Keller: Thank you for the questions today, everybody. We’ll see many of you on the conference circuit soon, I’m sure. Have a good Labor Day weekend, and talk to you soon. Bye.

Operator: Thank you. And with that, this does conclude today’s teleconference. We thank you for your participation. You may disconnect your lines at this time.