On Monday, the U.S. Senate passed the Marketplace Fairness Act, which would give states the ability to require Internet retailers with more than $1 million in out-of-state sales to collect sales tax. The bill still needs to pass the Republican-controlled House to become law, which could present a significant hurdle, but Monday’s 69-27 vote was still a major step forward for this legislation. The bill has been vocally opposed by major online retailers, most notably eBay Inc (NASDAQ:EBAY) and Overstock.com, Inc. (NASDAQ:OSTK), along with many small businesses that operate online. It has received equally vocal support from brick-and-mortar giants like Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE:WMT) and Best Buy Co., Inc. (NYSE:BBY), and small businesses that do not have an Internet presence.
Curiously, e-commerce giant Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMZN) has expressed support for the bill, even though it could eventually be required to collect sales tax in dozens of states where it does not already do so. This has led some analysts to argue that collecting sales tax is actually good for Amazon, because it will allow the company to build fulfillment warehouses anywhere in the U.S. However, this argument does not hold water. On a net basis, the Marketplace Fairness Act will probably hurt Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMZN).
The great debate
Physical retailers’ support for the bill is not very surprising. Companies like Best Buy Co., Inc. (NYSE:BBY) have long complained that the government is giving an unfair 5% to 10% cost advantage to Internet retailers, which has helped to drive the “showrooming” trend, particularly for expensive items. Online small businesses (and their champions, such as eBay Inc (NASDAQ:EBAY)) counter that it is too complicated to collect tax in every U.S. jurisdiction and that they would have to downsize if the bill becomes law. Some online retailers also argue that as out-of-state businesses, they do not benefit from the services that are supported by sales taxes, whereas local businesses do receive those benefits.
The tax effect
First, Amazon already has the ability to build warehouses wherever it wants: The company would just need to start collecting sales taxes in those states. Instead, Amazon has expanded its warehouse footprint very deliberately, building multiple warehouses in some states while avoiding others entirely (in order to avoid collecting sales taxes there). Furthermore, Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ:AMZN) has usually dragged its feet when states have tried to force it to collect sales tax. Often, it has built warehouses in conjunction with agreements to temporarily postpone collecting sales tax! This behavior strongly suggests that Amazon’s management believes the cost of collecting sales tax outweighs the benefit of expanding Amazon’s warehouse footprint.
